The adrenal weight of NP-5000 group was significantly declined in female rats (p<0.001), while the adrenal weights of NP-treated groups were not significantly changed in male rats. In the present study, we conducted histological analyses of adrenocortical substructure using a nonylphenol-treated F1 rat model. Previous studies, including our own, indicate that distinct morphological changes in rodent adrenal cortex could be induced by exposure of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC). Our findings suggest that V1a receptor antagonists are potential therapeutic drugs for male infertility. The results highlight the crucial role of neurohypophyseal hormones in male reproductive physiology, with potential contradicting roles of V1a and OTR in sperm maturation. Furthermore, AVP stimulation could alter the extracellular pH mediated by the V1a receptor. In contrast, OTR blocking by antagonist atosiban decreased hyperactivation rate. Notably, persistent motility and highly proportional hyperactivation were observed in spermatozoa from V1a receptor-deficient mice. In situ hybridization analysis revealed high expression of the Avpr1a in Leydig cells of the testes and narrow/clear cells in the epididymis, with the expression pattern differing from that of the oxytocin receptor (OTR). To elucidate the physiological functions of pituitary hormones in male reproduction, this study first focused on the distribution and function of one of the AVP receptors, V1a. However, their exact roles remain unknown. Learn more about the endocrine system and the different hormones released by the endocrine glands.Specific receptors for the neurohypophyseal hormones, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin, are present in the male reproductive organs. Symptoms can include early puberty in boys and male features in girls.Ĭonn’s syndrome, also known as primary hyperaldosteronism, is a condition in which one or both adrenal glands produce more of the hormone aldosterone than normal, leading to high blood pressure. You might also have fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, difficulty concentrating, depression, cravings, irregular menstruation or low blood pressure.Ĭongenital adrenal hyperplasia is an inherited group of conditions in which the adrenal glands produce excess male sex hormones. If you have Addison’s disease, you will have a poor appetite and lose weight. Cushing's syndrome is usually caused by taking steroid medication for a long time, but it can sometimes be caused by a tumour of the adrenal gland.Īddison’s disease is caused by the adrenal glands failing to make enough of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone.

This causes a variety of problems, such as weight gain, a flushed face, bruising and diabetes.

What medical conditions are related to the adrenal glands?Ĭushing's syndrome is a condition where the body has too much cortisol.

Where is the adrenal cortex located